一家注册资本250万的公司,四个股东认缴到2079年,都没实缴。公司陷入困境后,他们以零对价把全部股权转给一个人,当月就发布停业公告。后来债主起诉,法院判决:新老股东都要为债务担责。
很多人以为”没实缴就把股权转出去,债就甩干净了”。新《公司法》实施后,这条路上埋着明确的追责规则。
01
第八十八条说了什么
新《公司法》第八十八条第一款规定:股东转让已认缴出资但未届出资期限的股权,由受让人 承担缴纳该出资的义务;受让人未按期足额缴纳出资的,转让人对受让人未按期缴纳的部分承担补充责任 The
换句话说,老股东不是一转了之。新股东若没钱缴、没按时缴,老股东要在未缴范围内兜底。这彻底堵死了”零对价甩壳逃债”的算盘。
02
加速到期是隐形炸弹
即使出资期限没到,只要公司不能清偿到期债务,股东出资义务就”加速到期”,债权人有权请求未履行出资义务的股东承担补充赔偿责任。
在公司负债涉诉期间恶意转让股权、导致偿债能力不足的,股东仍需承担补充清偿责任。转让价格明显过低、受让人缺乏出资能力、交易不符合正常商业逻辑的,极易被认定为恶意逃避出资义务。
如果你正打算转让未实缴的股权、又担心日后被追债,欢迎扫码添加企财盈在线客服(微信/电话:13312938845),帮你评估交易结构和举证责任。
03
受让方怎么自保
受让人务必审慎核查股权的实缴状况,避免受让存在出资瑕疵的股权。交易前查清:原股东认缴多少、期限多长、已缴多少,公司章程怎么写。
新《公司法》施行前转让未届出资期限股权的,注意留存股权估值、交易凭证及交易背景等证据,以证明交易的合理性,避免被认定为”恶意转让”。交易价格、付款流水、商业目的说明,一个都不能少。
04
设公司时的底线
股东设立公司时,应根据经营需要和自身出资能力合理确定注册资本,且出资期限最长不超过五年,并写进章程。盲目设定过长出资期限、超高认缴,一旦涉诉就是悬空出资。
另外提醒:一人有限责任公司适用举证责任倒置,股东若不能证明公司财产独立于自己的财产,就要对公司债务承担连带责任。架构设计,从认缴那一刻就该算清责任。
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