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Among the various forms of cross-border trade, the 0110 code has consistently maintained an irreplaceable central role—this is what we commonly refer to as the general trade model. As the most traditional and well-established “official channel” within the customs supervision system, and against the backdrop of current crackdowns on “invoice-purchasing” exports and growing corporate compliance requirements, the 0110 model has become the preferred solution for enterprises seeking long-term development and in need of export tax rebates. Today, we will provide a detailed overview of “A Comprehensive Analysis of the 0110 General Trade Export Tax Rebate Process,” which we hope will be helpful to everyone!

I. Origins and Development

0110 is a customs supervision code, and its full name is “General Trade.” It specifically refers to a form of trade in which Chinese enterprises with import and export qualifications engage in unilateral imports or exports of goods. The development of this model has evolved almost in tandem with China’s modern foreign trade regulatory system. Before cross-border e-commerce was clearly defined as a new business model, 0110 General Trade was the most mainstream and standardized export method for domestic enterprises selling goods overseas. Today, it is not only a “traditional pillar” with deep roots in the international trade system but has also become the “anchor” for enterprises to establish legal and compliant business operations amid the current trend of strengthened regulation.

II. Step-by-Step Instructions for the Procedure

The 0110 model features clearly defined operating procedures, which primarily include the following key steps:

Phase 1: Qualification Processing and Preparation

Business License (Scope of Business must include “Import and Export of Goods” or “Import and Export of Technology,” etc.)

Complete the “Customs Registration of Import and Export Consignees and Consignors”

Register for the Electronic Port (Obtain an Electronic Port IC Card)

Register Foreign Exchange Receipts and Payments

Apply to the tax authorities for filing of eligibility for export tax rebates (or exemptions)

Phase 2: Document Preparation

Domestic exporters sign trade agreements with overseas buyers and then prepare the following customs clearance documents:

Transaction Documents: Sales Contract, Commercial Invoice, Packing List

Shipping Documents: Ocean Bill of Lading or Air Waybill

Customs Declaration Documents: A fully completed “Export Goods Customs Declaration Form”

Supporting Documents: Customs Declaration Authorization Form (if an agent is appointed), regulatory documents corresponding to the HS codes of the goods (such as inspection and quarantine certificates, certification documents, etc.)

Phase 3: Customs Declaration and Clearance Process

A company or its customs brokerage firm submits a declaration to customs through the “Single Window” or the “H2018 Clearance System.” Customs reviews and evaluates the declaration, which may involve procedures such as cargo inspection and commodity inspection. Once the declaration passes review and any applicable duties and taxes have been paid, customs grants clearance, and the goods may be exported.

Phase 4: Foreign Exchange Settlement and Tax Refund Processing

After the goods are exported, the overseas buyer pays for the goods, and the company completes the compliant receipt of foreign exchange. Subsequently, the company submits a tax refund application through the electronic tax platform using key documents such as the export customs declaration form (tax refund copy), special VAT invoices (input), and proof of foreign exchange receipt.

Tax authorities focus on verifying the consistency of the “three flows”—the flow of goods, the flow of funds, and the flow of documents—meaning that information such as the commodity name, amount, and quantity on customs declarations, invoices, and foreign exchange receipts must match exactly. Once the review is approved, the tax refund will be transferred to the company’s account. Depending on the enterprise’s classification level, the tax refund processing period ranges from 5 to 20 business days.

Friendly Reminder: The most critical challenge with the 0110 tax refund is ensuring “consistency among the three documents”—the information on the customs declaration, the invoice, and the foreign exchange receipt must match exactly. Many sellers fail to obtain their tax refund because there are slight discrepancies between the product description on the invoice and that on the customs declaration. Want to get a checklist for verifying the consistency of these three documents and examples of common errors? Scan the QR code to add WeChat ID jxhcyb, and we’ll send you detailed information!

III. Key Advantages and Precautions

1. Key Advantages

Comprehensive Compliance and Widespread Recognition: 0110 is the standard model most widely recognized and accepted by customs and tax authorities, with the broadest scope of application. Its processes are clear and well-defined, eliminating the need for businesses to bear the risks associated with trial and error under a new model.

Comprehensive tax refund policy support: As long as a company can obtain compliant special VAT invoices, it can claim the corresponding tax refund rate based on the HS code of the goods (up to 13%), which directly reduces procurement costs and increases profit margins.

Wide Applicability and Operational Flexibility: There are virtually no restrictions on the types of export goods or customs clearance ports. Companies can freely choose any port nationwide for export based on logistics costs and delivery time requirements, making this particularly suitable for cross-border e-commerce businesses that need to ship from multiple ports to different FBA warehouses around the world.

2. Issues to Consider

Strict consistency requirements apply to documents: It is essential to ensure that all information on commercial documents is completely consistent, as even the slightest discrepancy could result in customs clearance delays or a failed tax refund.

High Reliance on VAT Invoices: To qualify for a tax refund, businesses must obtain compliant special VAT invoices from both upstream and downstream suppliers. This model is difficult to apply to sources of goods for which invoices cannot be obtained.

The tax refund process takes a relatively long time: Compared to certain simplified filing methods, the 0110 tax refund process is more standardized, and the overall process may take longer, which puts some pressure on a company’s cash flow.

IV. Applicable Enterprises and Scenarios

The 0110 model is not suitable for all exporters; it is primarily intended for:

Company Qualifications:General taxpayer enterprises with import and export operating rights have standardized financial accounting and document management capabilities.

Supply Chain Terms: Has stable and reliable supply channels and is able to obtain special VAT invoices from upstream suppliers in compliance with regulations.

Business Type: Primarily engaged in B2B commodity exports, with high order values (e.g., ≥100,000 RMB), such as industrial equipment, home goods, and electronic products. It is also widely used in cross-border e-commerce operations that utilize overseas subsidiaries for FBA inbound shipping or stocking overseas warehouses (i.e., the B2B2C model).

core requirement: Prioritizing long-term compliance and security over maximizing export tax rebates, and willing to bear the costs associated with relatively standardized procedures in order to ensure sound business operations.

V. Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What should I do if there is an error in the customs declaration information?

A: You must apply to customs to amend the customs declaration form, and then resubmit the tax refund claim after the correction has been made.

Q: Can I apply for a tax refund if I fail to receive foreign exchange within the specified time limit?

A: You must submit the “Declaration Form for Uncollected Foreign Exchange on Exported Goods” and relevant supporting documents (such as proof of force majeure) to the tax authorities.

Q: What should I do if my tax refund application is rejected?

A: Supplement and complete the required documentation based on the reason for the return (e.g., correcting invoice verification information, amending filing data, etc.).

Friendly Reminder: If your company has not yet obtained import/export rights or is unable to issue special VAT invoices, you may consider using a compliant comprehensive foreign trade service platform to handle your export tax refund on your behalf. Want to learn more about the specific process and fees for tax refund services? Scan the QR code to add us on WeChat.jxhcyb, We’ll connect you with reliable sources!

We provide domestic (Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Hangzhou, etc.) company registration, overseas (Hong Kong, the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, etc.) company registration, Hong Kong identity application and renewal services, as well as covering the cross-border tax planning, shareholding structure design, compliance and risk control programs, and other full chain of corporate services.

Feel free to contact me anytime you need me at:18148556832, microsoft:jxhcyb(can be added by searching directly) or scan the QR code below to add

put at the end

The 0110 General Trade Model is currently the most compliant export tax refund channel and the one most widely recognized by customs and tax authorities. Enterprises must possess general taxpayer status and import/export rights, and be able to obtain compliant special VAT invoices. The operational process consists of four stages: qualification processing, document preparation, customs declaration and clearance, and foreign exchange settlement and tax refund filing. Tax authorities focus on verifying the “consistency of the three flows,” and the tax refund cycle typically takes 5–20 business days. For enterprises seeking long-term compliance and requiring tax refund support, the 0110 model is the preferred solution. It is recommended to standardize invoice management in advance, ensure document consistency, and pay close attention to foreign exchange receipt deadlines to ensure a smooth receipt of tax refunds.

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